Trade Name: DIRECT BLACK 1SD · CI Number: Direct Black 22
Direct Black 22 is the most widely used direct black dye globally, and for good reason — it delivers a deep, level black shade on cotton, viscose, paper, and jute directly from a neutral hot salt bath with no mordant required. The simplicity of the process is a big part of why it has stayed the industry standard for decades. You run a hot bath at 90–100°C, add common salt in stages to drive exhaustion, maintain a neutral to slightly alkaline pH, and the dye substantively bonds to the cellulose fibre through a combination of hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. No alkali fixation step, no reactive chemistry to manage.
That simplicity does come with a trade-off worth being honest about: because the dye is not covalently bonded to the fibre, wash fastness is 3–4 rather than the 4–5 you get from a reactive black. For paper dyeing, craft yarn, jute bags, and applications where repeated commercial laundering is not the main concern, this is completely acceptable. For cotton apparel that will be washed regularly, a cationic fixative after-treatment will bring wash fastness up to 4 — which is sufficient for most domestic and mid-market export applications. At Yobai Industries we supply Direct Black 22 as DIRECT BLACK 1SD, shade strength checked every batch.
Specifications are indicative. Contact us for a batch-specific TDS before placing a bulk order.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Product Name | Direct Black 22 |
| Trade Name | DIRECT BLACK 1SD |
| CI Number | Direct Black 22 |
| CAS Number | 6473-13-8 |
| Molecular Weight | ~850 g/mol (approximate; see TDS for exact batch value) |
| Dye Class | Disazo Direct Dye (anionic, sulphonated) |
| Colour | Black (slight blue cast at lower depths) |
| Appearance | Black Powder |
| Ionic Character | Anionic |
| Solubility | Good solubility in hot water (40–60°C); 40–60 g/L |
| Application pH | 7–9 (neutral to mildly alkaline) |
| Application Temp. | 90–100°C |
| Required Auxiliaries | NaCl 10–50 g/L (staged addition); no alkali fixation required |
| Wash Fastness (untreated) | 3–4 |
| Wash Fastness (with cationic fixative) | 4 |
| Light Fastness | 4 |
| Packaging | 1 kg · 5 kg · 10 kg · 25 kg · 50 kg · Custom packaging available |
| Shelf Life | 5 years from manufacture (cool, dry storage below 25°C) |
| Manufacturer | Yobai Industries, Sayakha, Gujarat, India |
| GSTIN | GST Registered |
Need a full TDS, COA, or MSDS? Request it here or WhatsApp us directly.
Direct dyes bond physically to cellulose — not covalently. Wash fastness is lower than reactive dyes as a result. This is a known characteristic of the dye class, not a batch defect. Cationic fixative after-treatment is the standard method for improving wash fastness to acceptable levels for most apparel applications.
| Property | Value / Rating |
|---|---|
| Physical Form | Fine black powder |
| Bulk Density | Approx. 0.4–0.6 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in Water | 40–60 g/L at 40–60°C; lower at room temperature |
| Dye Bath Stability | Stable at pH 6–10; avoid prolonged exposure below pH 5 |
| Wash Fastness — Untreated (ISO 105-C06) | 3–4 |
| Wash Fastness — With Cationic Fixative | 4 |
| Light Fastness (ISO 105-B02) | 4 |
| Rubbing Fastness — Dry | 3–4 |
| Rubbing Fastness — Wet | 3 |
| Perspiration Fastness (Acid) | 3–4 |
| Perspiration Fastness (Alkaline) | 3–4 |
Fastness ratings on the standard 1–5 scale (5 = best). Cationic fixative after-treatment is strongly recommended for cotton garment applications to achieve the rated 4 wash fastness. Batch-specific COA with fastness data available on request.
Direct Black 22 dissolves well in hot water — 40–60 g/L is achievable at 40–60°C. At room temperature, solubility is lower and dissolution is slower. The standard practice is to paste the powder first in a small quantity of cold water, then bring the temperature up gradually with stirring. This avoids clumping, which is the main cause of unlevel strike on the fabric. Soft water improves dissolution; in hard water areas, consider a small addition of sequestering agent in the dissolution vessel.
Do not dissolve in hot strongly alkaline water — above pH 10, some direct dyes lose colour strength. Neutral or mildly alkaline water at 40–60°C is ideal. Screen through 100-mesh before adding to the bath. Prepared dye solution should be used within 4 hours to avoid concentration changes from evaporation in hot dyehouse conditions.
All values for cotton exhaust dyeing at 90–100°C, liquor ratio 1:10–1:20. Add NaCl in 2–3 portions over the first 20–30 minutes for level exhaustion.
| Shade Depth | Dye (%owf) | NaCl (g/L) | pH | Temp (°C) | Time (min) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light Grey / Dark Grey | 0.5–1% | 10–15 | 7–8 | 90–100 | 30–40 |
| Medium Black | 2–3% | 20–30 | 7–8 | 90–100 | 45–60 |
| Deep Black | 4–5% | 30–40 | 7–9 | 90–100 | 60 |
| Jet Black | 6–8% | 40–50 | 7–9 | 90–100 | 60–75 |
Contact our technical team at technical@yobaiindustries.in for process optimisation specific to your machinery and water quality.
Direct Black 22 produces a range of black depths depending on dye concentration and process parameters. The slight blue cast characteristic of this grade becomes neutral at deep and jet black concentrations.
Shade appearance varies depending on fibre preparation, water hardness, and salt concentration. A slight blue cast is characteristic of Direct Black 22 at lower depths. Request a lab dip for colour-critical applications.
All packs are sealed in multi-layer moisture-proof bags. Custom packaging and private labelling available for bulk buyers.
All shipments include batch-specific COA. Export packing (UN-certified drums) available on request.
Below 25°C, dry store, relative humidity below 60%. Moisture is the principal risk — even a partially resealed bag left in a humid weighing area will absorb moisture over time and the dye will clump, reducing dissolution speed and shade reproducibility. Seal the bag immediately after every weighing, not at the end of the shift. Keep the dye away from strong acids and oxidising agents, both cause irreversible colour degradation. Covered storage only — direct sunlight causes shade drift over time.
This dye is used by manufacturers across the following industries. Contact us with your specific application for a grade recommendation.
Yobai Industries carries the following grades in this dye family. Click any grade to view specifications, or view the full catalogue →
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MOQ 10 kg · Samples in 24 hours · Bulk in 7–15 days · Export worldwide · GST invoice with every order.